Descriptive Essay My Racing Heart - 750 Words

I was so tired, even attempting to keep my eyes open was a struggle. My whole body was drunk with fatigue after a hard day’s work, constantly staring at a computer screen and typing away as if in a solemn trance. My bony white hands, their blood frozen by the bitter winter frost were clutching to the steering wheel like a helpless man gripping the edge of a cliff, desperately holding on picturing his fate. My brain wanted to give in, to remain in the lapses of sleep that I kept drifting in and out of. I took a fleeting look outside, the weather beaten road looking everlasting. The endless rows of mud splashed dense hedges that thrive with life in the spring but appear lifeless with their menacing razor-sharp thorns in the harsh winters.†¦show more content†¦My outdated rusty lilac Ford was skidding over the impregnable road, my wheels were all individually dominant, each having a mind of its own. I shuffled to reach my radio, my freezing hands ramming in the on button . A soothing harmonic love song came on, a high pitched women with a serene voice was singing her heart out. I took another forbidding yawn, whilst my thin lined spectacles frosted up. I removed them from my head and blew my icy poignant breath clearing the lens. Subsequent to perching them back on my head, the engine started to choke, and my car gradually came to a stop. I cursed to myself praying that it hadn’t broken down for sure. Prior to my car stopping the women’s voice was a pleasing ambient tone now it had turned into a dark shrill scream. I reached to the handle and shifted out the car, my joints squeaking like an old geriatric patient climbing out of a hospital bed for the first time. A smell of leaked oil filled the atmosphere. I ambled to the front of the car and hoisted up the hefty metal bonnet. A torrent of white steam condensating in the gelid air greeted me. My engine had bust, it was inevitable that I was ever going to get this piece of junk to start again. I was stranded but my main problem was that I lacked a cell phone. I hobbled to the rear of the car and opened the boot, the ford emblem glisteningShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narratives Have Deep Origins In Ancient History.1934 Words   |  8 Pageshistory. Narratives and personal essays were used by ancient writers and philosophers like Cicero, Seneca, and Plutarch to reflect on their individual experiences. The actual idea of the personal essay was named and perfected by late 16th century writer Michel de Montaigne, who attempted, or essayed, to describe his experiences in the context of the world around him. He claimed that â€Å"the subject of my work is me.† In other words, the purpose of the personal essay or narrative is to incorporate self-experiencesRead More Virginia Woolfs Jacobs Room - Jacob Flanders, Many Things to Many Readers4383 Words   |  18 Pagestwo low chairs. 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The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 998 Words

How came people did not respected Fitzgerald writing in 20th century , but why people are respecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in 21th century? Fitzgerald had hard time to get profit from his writing, but he never got good profit after his first novel. In a Fitzgerald life, his background information was the most important about him, the comparison of Fitzgerald and the main character of his number one book in American â€Å"The Great Gatsby’s†, and the Fitzgerald influence of behind writing. From a childhood to the adulthood life, Fitzgerald had faced so many good and bad experiences that inspired him to achiever his own American dream in a short amount of time. There are different types of phrases that Fitzgerald had throughout his life. Some phrase could be happy, exciting and some could be sad, disturbing. F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, MN (â€Å"F (rancis)†). He died was December 21, 1940, in Hollywood CA (â€Å"F (rancis) †). Fitzgerald father name was Edward Fitzgerald and his mother name was Mary (Mollie) McQuillan (Matthew). When Fitzgerald was a child, he didn’t get chance to make childhood friends because his parents moved different places before he started his school. â€Å"Fitzgerald attended the Newman school in Hackensack, New Jersey and while he was in school; he continued to write for school publication† (â€Å"F (rancis)†). After he graduated high school, he attended Princeton University class of 1917 (Matthew). When he was in University; heShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. 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The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Change Geared Towards the Future Free Essays

Goals have always been incorporated in the lives of the people for as long as man can remember. I realized that the necessary knowledge that would be incorporated in my chosen career would benefit me especially in the future. Such idea has led me to enhance my craft further and pursue a Master’s degree in Entrepreneurial Management from the European Business School in London. We will write a custom essay sample on Change Geared Towards the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since I was a young child, I have posed a great deal of interest in the field of business. I aced my examinations in math majors, most especially in Accounting, Economics, Law, and Chemistry. Applying all of these skills in the real world did not come as a difficulty form my end, for I was able to learn about the field of business in my own way. In addition to this, I found myself enjoying the challenges that the field of business has for its students. I could also say that I have improved myself, and matured for the betterment of my career. Coming from a family of businessmen also became my driving force in acquiring the said degree. It has been my belief that the European Business School would help me to become a diverse individual, competent enough to make it big in this fast and changing world.   The family business is not just something that should be taken for granted and in so doing, I would be able to make sure that our business would be flourished even at times of financial distraught. Furthermore, I am a dedicated worker who enjoys challenges. Instead of being pulled down, I become more determined to improve my craft for each difficulty experienced. In addition to this, I also possess the ability to achieve my desired results using decisive management and leadership styles. I make sure that I would grow with my peers, especially in my chosen field. I realized that applying motivational skills and maintaining a positive and supportive attitude towards others would effectively contribute in delivering solutions. Planning projects and organizing work was never a problem for me either, so achieving success is not as difficult as it may seem. Most importantly, I work well under pressure while still delivering the required work deemed from me and my peers. I am currently staying in Dubai venturing what life has in store for me. At the same time I am also running one of the real estate businesses that my family has. Regardless of such accomplishments, I am still focused and dedicated to my craft. Such passion allowed me to fulfil my dreams. I am now graduating with a BSc in Investment and Financial Risk Management following extensive study at the Cass Business School in London. My hopes and dreams do not end after commencement. I believe that the education and rigorous training this institution would provide me with would help me to achieve my dreams further. In so doing, I would be able to indulge myself in researches that would be catered to the improvement of policies and strategies that we use in the business. In our own way, we would be able to come up with ideas that would benefit not just the company, but the economic system of the country, as well. Through my hard work and perseverance, I would be able to someday inspire others to do the same thing and become someone of great importance to society. Regardless of my dedication for my work, I am also a well rounded individual. I balance my professional life by being a social individual and having a healthy lifestyle. I would spend time with friends without compromising the quality and quantity of work that I produce. Furthermore, I would have days when I would care for my health by playing tennis, and exploring the world through travels. Life is short, and I want to make sure that I would be able to promote change that would be geared towards the future of our society. How to cite Change Geared Towards the Future, Papers

Geography and Sociolinguistic Characteristic of the Carribean Essay Sample free essay sample

Harmonizing to Baptiste ( 1995 ) the thing which is really of import and helpful in understanding the Caribbean English and where that linguistic communication comes from is analyzing the history. geographics and sociolinguistics of the Caribbean. Humanities. societal scientific discipline and natural scientific discipline demand to be taken into history to cognize what assortments of English are spoken in Caribbean. how this linguistic communication developed and what sort of connexion has the linguistic communication with people who live at that place. 1. 1 Location and definition of the Caribbean The location of the Caribbean can be merely defined as the country runing from certain parts of Florida to the northern seashore of South America. As Baptiste ( 1995 ) assumes. it should be mentioned that the Caribbean geographics is really complicated and the ground of that complexness is the European colonialism. which made barriers and divisions between the islands. The figure of effects of the European colonialism was extended. as for illustration bondage and infective diseases but eventually left the country split into British. Spanish. Gallic and Dutch entirety. At least 7. 000 isles. keies. bars and islets can be numbered among that part. There are multiple utilizations of the word Caribbean. Its rule 1s are historical. geographical. philological and the others are societal. The Caribbean can besides be extended to incorporate districts with strong cultural and historical connexions to slavery. European colonization and the plantation system. Caribbean Basin proposed by Lewis ( 2005 ) is the term which is the most extensively used to denote all the islands and islets of the Caribbean country. and includes: – The autonomous states of Barbados. Belize. Dominica. Guyana. Jamaica. Trinidad-Tobago. Haiti. Cuba. the Dominican Republic. Grenada. Guyana. Antigua-Barbuda. St. Kitts-Nevis. The Bahamas. Suriname. St. Lucia. St. Vincent and the Grenadines – The UK dependences of Montserrat and British Virgin Islands. Turks and Caicos. Bermuda. Anguilla. Cayman Islands – The US Virgin Islands of St. Thomas and St. John. St. Croix and Puerto Rico – The Dutch settlements of Bonaire. Aruba. Curacao. portion of the island of St. Maarten. St. Eustatius and Saba – The Gallic external subdivisions of Martinique and Guadeloupe. dependences of Desired. Cayenne. Les Saintes. Marie- Galante. St. Barthelemy. and remainder of the Saint-Martin. Guadeloupe Baptiste ( 1995 ) stands that in malice of the many facets which differentiate the islands. the one of import thing which characterises the islands` similarity. is their geographics. For illustration. with the exclusion of Guyana. the Caribbean Sea eroded all the shores off Caribbean states. Other correspondent factors are history and colonial yesteryear. 1. 2 The history of the Caribbean The history of the Caribbean part is similar to the sea that washes its shores. At first glimpse. the sea seems to be a scope of colorss from turquoise to royal bluish. but a closer expression shows the H2O really has no coloring material at all. Baptiste ( 1995:3 ) . The above description shows that the Caribbean history is really intricate. It may look to be really easy to show the history of the Caribbean but during the deeper analysis we can come to the decision that it is a combination of fairy tale. change and folklore. The history can be briefly characterized by few words like desolation. imprisonment. racial extinction and colonization. It is by and large known that in 1492 a Spanish voyager called Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. Columbus was convinced that he reached India. Nowadays we know that it was a portion of Caribbean. exactly Bahamas. Many beginnings study. among others besides Baptiste ( 1995 ) . that during this period. the Caribbean Islands were inhabited chiefly by Arawak or Taino people. the Caribs and the Ciboney in fragments of Cuba. Columbus called those people Indians. He was besides amazed by the gems which the land had output and he decided to travel further and searched for valuable metals. After him went many Spaniards who wanted non merely the gold but besides to take the land. which was already populated by the local peoples. The Arawaks and the Caribs were the two folks in the Caribbean which had the first connexion with Spanish and really that was the clip when the captivity begun. Native people were treated by Spanish with inhuman treatment. Some of the Aboriginal people chose to put to death themselves in order non to work for the Spaniards. Brea ( 2003 ) states that in 1492 when Columbus arrived to Caribbean. the public of the native people was over one million. Sing with other historiographers. one tierce of the Aboriginal people was deceased by 1497. In the northern and western parts of the Caribbean. in the Antilles. the Arawaks tried to displace the Spanish. but the Spaniards had unconventional arms and they were taught in contending techniques. Those who stayed alive suffered from dearth. system of nonvoluntary labor. mistreatment and European diseases. chiefly smallpox. It took over a century until the Spanish conquered the Caribbean and other European states could happen a strong base at that place. When new European states arrived. as Baptiste ( 1995 ) references. the northern seashore of South America. Panama. Cuba and Peru were already propertied by Spain. These states were the Dutch. Gallic and British. they had to fight with Spain for few old ages before they could colonize the Eastern Caribbean. Besides the Caribs fought with the colonizers for a long period of clip. but ( it was a well- known fact ) Europeans who had stronger and well-armed firepower. won and banished the Caribs from Dominica and St. Vincent into the island’s cragged districts. The new colonizers started to bring forth tropical goods. They selected baccy and cotton which`s cultivation they learnt from Aboriginal people and these were their cardinal hard currency harvests. Harmonizing to Williams ( 2009 ) . in the 16th century it was Spain which began importing people. who were caught in West Africa. The African people substituted Aboriginal indigens of the Caribbean. Baptiste ( 1995:10 ) points out that: †¦the gaining control and trade of African people was a immense operation affecting the motion of 1000000s people for about four centuries†¦the principal participants in the trade of Africans were for European countries-Britain. Holland. France and Portugal†¦ all of these states established bases in West Africa to procure a monopoly on trade for their ain ownerships and for sale to the Spaniards. But the existent ground which made bondage a great industry was the visual aspect of sugar cane and the necessity of the low-cost labour power on sugar plantations. It can be seen that the plantation system took a great impact on life in the Caribbean and it subjugated the people. society and political relations. The proprietors of plantations had moneymaking benefits because of the system. but there were still non adequate custodies to work on Fieldss. More than 20 million West Africans were captured and brought to the Caribbean to work. Of class. when the net incomes of the settlements raised. the war between them started. They fought to command the part and the Caribbean became a topographic point where armed struggles burst. The effects of the war were that several states many times changed the ownership among the British and Gallic colonizers. Williams ( 2009 ) proposes that really of import events happened at the beginning of the 17 century. African people started to decline the plantation landlords their power. It was the eruption of the revolution which started in one of the Gallic settlements. The success of that little settlement gave the fortitude to other enslaved people and. of class. daze for the proprietors of the settlements. There were other several rebellions throughout the British. Gallic and Dutch settlements. It was already known that the bondage in the Caribbean country was coming to an terminal. The Industrial Revolution. as Williams ( 2009 ) stands. had a great impact upon the jobs of the Caribbean. The chief 1 was that it left the settlements with great economic and societal jobs. The 2nd issue was that the bondage was no more profitable. The following 1 was the sum of laborers. The solution was to convey new workers from India. Africa. Europe and Asia and from that clip. there was non merely white and black coloring material construction but besides people who came from China. India and Japan. In Caribbean There were more than half a million people. in Caribbean who by and large came from some parts of Asia and India. In effect. the societies became multiracial. There was the domination of two populations that was people of African and Asiatic ascendants. 3. The beginnings and the influences of the English linguistic communication on the Caribbean The history and societal construction of the Caribbean are the most of import influences on what linguistic communication is spoken and how it is spoken. Colonial history has resulted in the islands being divided today into English-speaking. Spanish-speaking. French-speaking and Dutch-speaking states. Baptiste ( 1995:15 ) Harmonizing to Youssef ( 2010:52 ) the of import fact which should be mentioned is that the Caribbean could be grouped confabulating to the linguistic communications which are official. We can separate such groups as: hispanophone. francophone and anglophone. Of class the leading is the Anglophone group. It can be clearly understood that native people of the Caribbean did non remain alive after the Spanish expeditions and their native linguistic communication neither. But the interesting instance is that several of their words did last. Baptiste ( 1995 ) denotes few illustrations. such as manioc. baccy or Psidium littorale because Spanish did non hold appropriate footings for them. The causes were that they accepted Arawak and Carib words because of regular use of them. The commixture of linguistic communications depends on what portion of Caribbean was settled and by which state. The greatest influences on arising the linguistic communication on the Caribbean had Spanish. English. Gallic and Dutch. When one of the colonizing states took control over the settlement which belonged to a different state. it tried to kill and intimation of the other’s linguistic communication and rapidly introduced its peculiar linguistic communication. The effects are seen in the present yearss. States of the Caribbean country indicate a diverseness of impacts. which depends on the history and colonial yesteryear of a given state. As an illustration. it is deserving to advert Dominica. which colonial colonists have changed 12 times among Spain. Britain and France. Finally Dominica became a British colony. but even nowadays we can detect the Gallic impact on the state and linguistic communication. which is concrete. The really of import fact which should be mentioned is that the slaves who were caught in Africa spoke many different linguistic communications. These belonged to the Niger-Congo household of linguistic communications. from Western and Southern Africa. When the slaves were brought to the Caribbean they had to larn the European linguistic communications. It depended to which of the European states a settlement belonged to. Besides. certain peripheral consequence had the apprenticed workers from India and China. The following of import fact was that they attained to Caribbean into slightly altered conditions. from those which had experienced people from Africa. The effects were that the new workers provided infinite between the people of white and black races. It contributed to another category being introduced and did donate to the national and societal development of certain states. Baptiste ( 1995 ) notices that big figure of facets has effects on what sort of linguistic communicati ons are genuinely spoken and in what manner. As an illustration. Dominica and St. Lucia are states which are reflected as these where English linguistic communication is spoken but the Gallic. leftovers are evident in their linguistic communication and it has appeared as a Gallic Creole spoken by the great figure of people. The plantation system mentioned before by Baptiste ( 1995 ) . formed something which can be called a pyramid construction of the society. The construction of the pyramid corresponded with the lingual construction. The topmost were those who become skilled with the European linguistic communications. and the lowest were those who could non larn the spoken European linguistic communications. We can detect a great connexion with history. linguistic communication and social/class betterment in the country. therefore we can resolutely state that Caribbean linguistic communications are affected by the composite landscape of the history of the part. This was resulted in the enlargement of Creole English which devises of ain set of pronunciations. differentiations and lexes. 1. 3. 1 The feature of the Caribbean English and sociolinguistic attack It is known that Anglophone group is the major 1 and has raised the greatest sociolinguistic involvement. Youseff ( 2010 ) points out that it is better to cognize how the part is organized before we want to depict the sociolinguistic job of the Anglophone Caribbean. The first thing which should be described are the Greater Antilles which occupy three islands ( one consists of two separate states ) : – Cuba ( Hispanophone ) – The Dominican Republic ( Hispanophone ) and Haiti ( Francophone/French functionary ) – Jamaica ( Anglophone Creole speaking/English functionary ) [ 1 ] There is the most of import accent on Jamaican Creole and its intercession with Jamaican English. Youseff ( 2010 ) discusses that issue in more inside informations. The following group. the Lesser Antilles. is composed of smaller islets. The foremost Francophone terrains are Martinique and Guadeloupe. There are Francophone Creole and French as separate mystery within these states. To the North are US lands. with US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Within these two terrains lasts a conflict of the domination of American English. because there are two linguistic communications. creolized English and Spanish. The Bahamas is a participant of the trade and industry brotherhood of the Caribbean. however geographically it is north of the country. The Hispanophone terrains have non marked considerable regard within sociolinguists. possibly because of the absence of Creole linguistic communications except for Papiamentu in Aruba and Bonaire. We merely specified major islands where English speech production occur. All of them are: Jamaica. Bermuda. St. Vincent and the Grenadines. the Bahamas. Antigua and Barbuda. Montserrat. the Cayman Islands. Dominica. Trinidad and Tobago. Turks and Caicos. St. Kitts and Nevis. Guyana. U. S. Virgin Islands. St. Lucia. Belize. Anguilla. Barbados. British Virgin Islands. 1. 3. 2 The assortments of English spoken in the Caribbean As it was mentioned before. there are different fluctuations of English in the Caribbean. Precisely there are five distinctions of spoken English. In conformity with Baptiste ( 1995 ) . we can easy simplify Caribbean English as: – Creole English– Erudite English– Foreign English– Rasta English– Standard English To analyze farther the first assortment of Caribbean English. the definition of pidgin linguistic communication should be examined. Muhlhausler ( 1994 ) defined Pidgin as a really simple linguistic communication that originated from two or more linguistic communications. The causes of pidgin linguistic communication betterment. is the linguistic communication contact and the use of it by certain people. who do non hold a cosmopolitan linguistic communication in a definite geographical part. At the footing of pidgin it is easy to sort the beginnings of impression Creole. As Sebba and Mark claim that: Creoles are linguistic communications which evolve from Pidgins when the pidgins become first linguistic communications for some or all of their talkers Sebba. Mark ( 1997 ) Get downing with Creole English. that was already mentioned and defined by Sebba and Mark ( 1997 ) . it is the linguistic communication used by people with lower instruction. Caribbean English Creole is a specialist t erm for that English Creole or a bunch of Creoles in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Largely in all instances. the assortments have non got definite names which are used by talkers and scientists. In these fortunes usually the assortments are called idioms by the talkers. The research workers termed this diverseness by its regional name which is followed by English for illustration Barbadian English-based Creole. The Caribbean English Creole is the effect of interaction between European and West Africans. in the sequence of European interventionism. The local idioms. which English-speaking colonists used. were the basic inception of vocabulary for Creole before the twentieth century. Besides the day-to-day vocabulary of Creole provides a great figure of lexical points and parlances of West African birthplace. The set of grammatical constructions indicates signifiers which are characteristic to West African linguistic communications household. Beckford- Wassink ( 1999 ) points out in his research that Creole English is seemingly a linguistic communication which is applicable for different fortunes. As it is known. Creole English is the most often used linguistic communication in the Anglophone districts. Caribbean Creole English dividends more than a few features. which are described by the undermentioned quotation mark:( 1 ) Expressing tense. temper. and aspect chiefly by pre-predicative atoms: ( Jamaican ) Im waak- He or she walked. He or she has walked. Im a waak- He or she is walking. Im bin waak- He or she walked. He or she had walked. ( 2 ) Taging noun plurals by postposed atoms. non -s: ( Jamaican. Guyanese ) di daagdem- the Canis familiariss. ( Trinidad ) di dog-an-dem- the Canis familiariss. ( 3 ) Using front-focusing constructions to disambiguate or stress: ( Trinidad ) Iz myocardial infarction m?d? tel myocardial infarction du it- My female parent ( and non person else ) told me to make it ; ( Jamaican ) A tief im tief di g?ot- He stole the caprine animal ( he didn’t purchase it ) . ( 4 ) Anadiplosis in word-formation and for accent: ( Jamaican ) poto-poto- slimy. muddy. fenky-fenky- rebuff. puny. cowardly. crabbed. batta-batta- to crush repeatedly ; ( Guyanese ) tu kka-tukka- a sort of plantain. ( 5 ) Differentiation of remarkable and plural 2nd individual. like antediluvian 1000 and you: ( Barbados ) yu versus wVnV ; ( Trinidad ) yu versus all-yu. ( 6 ) Possession shown by puting unmarked nouns side by side: ( Trinidad ) mi fada kuzn hows- my father’s cousin’s house. [ 2 ] Erudite English refers to linguistic communication which is used by reasonably adept individuals. Harmonizing to Baptiste ( 1995 ) . those people impressed with their cognition by sound. utilizing Latin and Greek and besides by declaiming scriptural phrases. It is really of import to state that the Bible has a minor impact upon the Caribbean linguistic communication. Peoples who can read and cognize the Bible have to be from upper. more educated degree. This assortment of English was chiefly used in appropriate contexts. It can be particularly heard on some sorts of spiritual meetings and other similar events. The debut of the Bible in the Caribbean. begun with the European colonization and its effects were really lasting. The Bible was the tool of the church which was the footing in those times instruction of common. Consequently. the deep consciousness of scriptural phrases was a strong suggestion of larning at the higher degree. Foreign English can be regarded with linguistic communications that are spoken by nowadays people in America. Canada. and Great Britain. We can non state that it is spoken merely by aliens but there are instances where Caribbean people try to retroflex one of the Foreign English speech patterns. In effects. we can state of some influences on Caribbean English which result from other assortments of Foreign English. Besides a individual. who of course speaks one of the assortment of foreign linguistic communication. will seek to retroflex the Caribbean address. has to retrieve about three really of import characteristics which characterise it: 1. Insert adult male or Monday before and after about every clause 2. Change every [ Thursday ] to [ t ] or [ 500 ] as in ting/thing or dat/that 3. Use a Jamaican speech pattern Baptiste ( 1995: Foreign English ) The Rasta English ( The Rastafarian ) is the mixture of African cultural topics. Christianity. Old Testament secret plans and Marcus Garvey’s sermon. It has its ain political orientation which says about the refusal of societal category order and prepares a constructive self-perception for all Black societies. The manner of talking which offers the Rastafarian. really easy assimilates with the home-grown idioms of the Caribbean. Rasta both discard from Creole English and Standard English. A major syntactic difference from Creole is the usage of the stressed English pronoun I ( frequently repeated for accent and solidarity as I and I ) to replace Creole myocardial infarction. which is used for both topic and object. Mi is seen as a grade of black subservience that makes people objects instead than topics. The signifier I and I may besides stand for we and for the motion itself: I and I have fi look into difficult †¦ It change I †¦ now I and I [ eat ] jus’ cake. hardo staff of life. from Yard. [ 3 ] Standard English. when it comes to Caribbean English. Baptiste ( 1995 ) denotes as the English which is non considered Creole. The diverseness between Standard English which is spoken in the Caribbean and those English assortments. which appear in English-speaking states like Canada. Great Britain or the United States is strongly marked. The particulars of Caribbean Standard English consequences from its pitch. emphasis and common tone and that is why it diverges from criterions which are spoken in Canada or Great Britain. The Caribbean history besides provides many issues which illustrate suited words. indications and parlances. These are of several kinds: there are unreplaceable words like fairy-slipper. shrub. tea and aacke ; there are old words like stupidness and cuffuffle ; new words like shirtjac. irie and ital. ; there are words with alone Caribbean significances like tea ( any hot drink ) . calcium hydroxide ( to see ) and cool out ( to loosen up ) Baptiste ( 1995:34 ) . 4. The definition of the Taboo Slang To analyze farther the chief job of the whole subject. it should be explained what the tabu slang is and what so the slang is. Partridge ( 2008:15 ) explains [ †¦ ] from about 1850 has been the recognized term for illicit conversational address: but since so particularly. among the lower categories. â€Å"lingo† has been a equivalent word. and so besides. chiefly among the cultured and the pretentious. has â€Å"argot† . Now† argot† being simply the Gallic for â€Å"slang† . has no concern to be used thus-it can justly be applied merely to French slang of Gallic buzzword: and â€Å"lingo† decently means a simplified linguistic communication that. like Beach-la-Mar and Pidgin-English. represents a deformation of ( say ) English by colored peoples talking English so but accommodating it to their ain phonetics and grammar [ †¦ ] He assumed that slang so is unpretentious in use. but it may do jobs when it comes to composing. Partridge ( 2008 ) described that about every word. which is considered slang. is drained from gratifying activities ( amusements. athletics. games ) . from the rapture of life. Particularly for that grounds. slang has been humorously called linguistic communication on a field day. Slang is divided into legion sorts. which are committed to different businesss and categories of society. Many people. harmonizing to Partridge ( 2008 ) do non cognize when to utilize it. and many condemn it. but it is obvious that about all the people use slang. Mattiello explains that [ †¦ ] utilizing slang allows people to get away the obtuseness of impersonal conventional manner and to avoid the humdrum of ordinary linguistic communication. Mattiello ( 2005:17 ) . The job is in what context it is used. because. as it should be mentioned. the words which are considered slang can be classified to these which are the most opprobrious. That will be: – Offensive slang-words which should be used with attention. can be violative to the individual they are applied for. – Vulgar slang-words which should be used with utmost attention. if used unsuitably. they could easy floor both. the individual who is listening to and anyone with whom we talk. – Taboo slang-in general tabu words are the most lurid and should be avoided. The of import fact is that non all of words can be used freely. Frequently there are some limitations. as Zapata ( 2008 ) . claims which society forces. In about every linguistic communication there are words which are really rarely used in public. because of their indication to the topics which are obscene. violative and in some sort upseting for the hearer. These words can be easy specified as tabu words. Particular tabu words have some intensions with spiritual subject. Freestanding use of that words outside the ceremonials many people contemplate as profanity. On the other manus. in some civilizations the usage of tabu words has relation to sex. sexual organic structure parts. and biological maps. 1. 4. 1 Expressing emotions of choler. irritation and defeat in Caribbean English. Particularly in all instances. people use mistreating words when they are angry. when they want to bring their defeat or show irritation. In these sorts of state of affairss. tabu words are normally helpful. In the Caribbean English. there are besides words which contain the significance of tabu. Ricks and Michaels explain that It is difficult to set two words together in Creole without cursing. Wordss are spat out from the oral cavity like unrecorded squibs ( in Ricks and Michaels 1990. pp. 1-14 ) . The Caribbean English can be described. as linguistic communication that is spoken really harshly that any words which are used can hold negative intensions. Of class. this instance of data format words which can show choler. irritation or defeat has strong connexion with Caribbean history and its societal attack and before mentioned pyramid construction of society. The abusing words. harmonizing to Hughes ( 2006 ) . were discernible in colonisation times. It is known that in colonial times. there was racial mixture which resulted in commixture of linguistic communications. imposts and races. The English words were assorted with other Europeans linguistic communications. Besides Aboriginal people who were taught the European linguistic communications were upon the influences of other foreign linguistic communications. For illustration. Buckra which in the American South has become a term of disdain for a hapless white. has ever had an elevated position in Caribbean English. Hughes ( 2006:58 ) . The issue which is deserving adverting. is that the opprobrious words or tabu slang which will show the bad emotions of choler. irritation and defeat. will happen chiefly in Creole English. There can be besides found some instances in Rasta English. but apart from that group. in other fortunes the visual aspect of such words is instead infrequent. Another really of import fact. mentioned by Jay ( 2008 ) . is that the words showing strong. particularly bad emotions. have inclination to be remembered better and in deeper degrees than more impersonal words. Of class. it has to be examined what kind of words will be used by a individual which is in the province of defeat or choler. It depends how people react when they are angry. and to what purposes these words will be used. For illustration. when a given word will be referred to a individual who is the ground of someone’s irritation. he could utilize opprobrious word. and name that individual in an violative manner. or he could utilize an violative word for the state of affairs that appeared. However. the use of slang and tabu slang. is more likely discernible within immature people and the lower category of society. As it was mentioned earlier. the Caribbean English is a linguistic communication which originated from contacts of linguistic communications. which had beginnings in the colonial times and stopping points. boulder clay today. Because linguistic communication itself is in a changeless province of alterations. it is really simple to verify that. words which in colonial times were easy called tabu. in modern universe are lesser considered to this impression. Another of import fact is that. there is a broad adoption inclination for words from other linguistic communications. which are the most popular and are in frequent usage. In effects. the Caribbean English tabu slang will be similar to the slang which is used by talkers of other English spoken states. The difference will happen in pronunciation. word- formation. word construction and spelling etc. but the significance will be instead the same. For illustration: Mudascunt- . contraction of â€Å"mother’s† A ; â€Å"cu nt† connoting that the individual is stupid or nescient. as though they had merely come from the uterus. Besides used in general as an abuse or in mention to person. as one would utilize â€Å"motherfucker† in the provinces. [ 4 ] The whole scrutiny of the history. geographics and sociolinguistic attack of the Caribbean is helpful in farther survey. which covers the instance of tabu slang. that is used in certain Caribbean linguistic communication. particularly English. As the illustration above shows. the Caribbean tabu slang is in some manner different. than any other assortments of English slang which are more widely known. The introductory subjects and subtopics non merely clarified the beginnings of that linguistic communication. but besides show the differences every bit good as similarities between the linguistic communication and the people who use it. All in all. the whole theoretical layout is for intent to come close the 2nd chapter which covers the practical purpose of the subject. Mentions Baptiste. A-J. ( 1995 ) â€Å"Caribbean English and the Literacy Tutor† Beckford- Wassink. A. ( 1999 ) „ Historic low prestigiousness and seeds of alteration: attitudes towards Jamaican Creole† . Language in Society. 28. Hughes. G. ( 2006 ) â€Å"An Encyclopedia of Swearing: the societal history of curses. profanity. disgusting linguistic communication and cultural slurs in the English-speaking world† Lewis. A. ( 2005 ) â€Å"An International Handbook of Tourism Education† Partridge. ( 2008 ) â€Å" The new Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English† Sebba. Mark ( 1997 ) : Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles. London. Macmillan. ( Particularly Chapter 7 ) . Williams. J. ( 2010 ) â€Å"Euro- Caribbean English Assortments: The Rutledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics around the World† Youssef. V. ( 2010 ) â€Å"Sociolinguistics of the Caribbean† : The Rutledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics around the World† hyperte xt transfer protocol: //www. encyclopaedia. com/doc/1O29-CARIBBEANENGLISHCREOLE. html hypertext transfer protocol: //www. urbandictionary. com/define. php? term=mudascunt A ; defid=1682828 [ 1 ] See Youssef ( 2010:52 )[ 2 ] Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. encyclopaedia. com/doc/1O29-RASTATALK. hypertext markup language [ 3 ] Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. encyclopaedia. com/doc/1O29-RASTATALK. hypertext markup language [ 4 ]Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. urbandictionary. com/define. php? term=mudascunt A ; defid=1682828

Argentavis - Facts and Figures

Argentavis - Facts and Figures Name: Argentavis (Greek for Argentina bird); pronounced ARE-jen-TAY-viss Habitat: Skies of South America Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (6 million years ago) Size and Weight: 23-foot wingspan and up to 200 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Enormous wingspan; long legs and feet About Argentavis Just how big was Argentavis? To put things in perspective, one of the largest flying birds alive today is the Andean Condor, which has a wingspan of nine feet and weighs about 25 pounds. By comparison, the wingspan of Argentavis was comparable to that of a small planeclose to 25 feet from tip to tipand it weighed anywhere between 150 and 250 pounds. By these tokens, Argentavis is best compared not to other prehistoric birds, which tended to be much more modestly scaled, but to the huge pterosaurs that preceded it by 60 million years, notably the giant Quetzalcoatlus  (which had a wingspan of up to 35 feet). Given its enormous size, you might assume that Argentavis was the top bird of Miocene South America, about six million years ago. However, at this time, terror birds were still thick on the ground, including descendants of the slightly earlier Phorusrhacos and Kelenken. These flightless birds were built like meat-eating dinosaurs, complete with long legs, grasping hands, and sharp beaks that they wielded on their prey like hatchets. Argentavis probably kept a wary distance from these terror birds (and vice-versa), but it may well have raided their hard-won kill from above, like some kind of oversized flying hyena. A flying animal the size of Argentavis presents some difficult issues, chief of which is how this prehistoric bird managed to a) launch itself off the ground and b) keep itself in the air once launched. Its now believed that Argentavis took off and flew like a pterosaur, unfurling its wings (but only rarely flapping them) in order to catch the high-altitude air currents above its South American habitat. Its still unknown if Argentavis was an active predator of the huge mammals of late Miocene South America, or if, like a vulture, it contented itself with scavenging already-dead corpses; all we can say for sure is that it was definitely not a pelagic (sea-flying) bird like modern seagulls, since its fossils were discovered in the interior of Argentina. As with its style of flight, paleontologists have made a lot of educated guesses about Argentavis, most of which, unfortunately, are not supported by direct fossil evidence. For example, analogy with similarly built modern birds suggests that Argentavis laid very few eggs (perhaps an average of only one or two per year), which were carefully brooded by both parents, and presumably not subject to frequent predation by hungry mammals. Hatchlings probably left the nest after about 16 months, and were only fully grown by the age of 10 or 12; most controversially, some naturalists have suggested that Argentavis could attain a maximum age of 100 years, about the same as modern (and much smaller) parrots, which are already among the longest-lived vertebrates on earth.

hypochondriasis essays

hypochondriasis essays The research topic that I have chosen to write on is Hypochondriasis. I have chosen this disorder because until recently hypochondriasis was considered a disorder with no effective treatments and has a very poor prognosis rate. The other reason is that hypochondriasis is usually found in the primary care field and many times may go untreated. The main treatments for hypochondriasis are small, but the main treatment that is used is cognitive-behavioral therapy. This includes explanatory therapy, exposure and response prevention, and group therapy. In addition, they have found that in patients with secondary hypochondriasis sometimes pharmacohtherapy works well along with cognitive-behavioral therapy. It is found that a high rate of hypochondriasis patients have co morbid conditions. It is very important to diagnosis this first before treating the patient for hypochondriasis. After diagnosing if the patient has co morbid conditions researchers have found that they are usually able to resolve the hypochondriasis if this is treated first. If the patient does not have co morbid conditions though usually, the first line of treatment used is the cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of therapy with hypochondriasis patients is usually very effective but the effectiveness rates are not completely known at this point. With pharmacotherapy researchers have found that in very few cases does this work, and if it does work it is usually with an SSRI. In short, there are very few and effective treatments for hypochondriasis but if diagnosed properly the patient does have a chance at recovery. Blanco, C., Margarinos, M., Nissenson, K., Chrisman, S., Hardy, E., ...

Analyze Supreme case of County Wayne vs Hathcock Essay

Analyze Supreme case of County Wayne vs Hathcock - Essay Example The only blight came with a small but significant percentage of landowners who refused to sell their lands voluntarily. For practicality reasons, this land could NOT be excluded from the noble project. This not only gave birth to the tussles between Wayne County and Hathock but also an interesting and applicable case to any urban planner and specifically a Michigan urban planner. Adopting a resolution of necessity and a declaration of taking the property (almost forcefully), Wayne County started condemnation procedures under the justification that thee land in question was to have more public benefits, in the long run, in its hands than in the aboriginal owners. The owners, on the other hand, felt that if the county was awarded eminent domain, which it did, it would be a constitutional breach. It is crucial to note that the Michigan Supreme Court had in 1981 used the case of public domain in a case Poletown Neighborhood Council v Detroit present on the same economic reasons as Wayne County’s. Article 10, section 2 of the Michigan constitution states that â€Å"private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Property may only be taken if it is for a public purpose and if just compensation is provided.† An interesting debate on what exactly can be termed as public use ensued, with the term generating different ideas. For the land to meet the public test threshold and condemned property acquired by a private investor, the court set up 3 criterions. Public necessity was evident, the property remained very much subject to public control after transfer and that the reason for choosing the land did nothing but serve the public good. The court however failed to decipher any of the above exceptions applicable to Pinnacle Project. The Wayne v. Hathock opened other chapter to any planner’s mind: what if the land itself was the case of public

Miniaturization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Miniaturization - Essay Example Advantages of miniaturization Miniaturization is very vital as it has several advantages. It requires low cost, has the ability to accommodate greater density and it is high in speed. The small electronics are very faster as the signals they transmit travel over short distances and the devices do not travel for long distances within the implemented device. Furthermore, packing of small sized devices is quite advantageous as it help reduce the cost incurred in the electronics. For instance, though four times the memory capacity, a 1-megabit DRAM chip which contains 256-kilobit DRAM is less costly as compared to a product of same space. The number of chips on a system determines the total cost of the circuit therefore, 1-megait of DRAM used reduces the probable number of memory chips in the long run reducing the prices as compared to a four 256 kilobit DRAM in use. In addition, the prices of logic devices have gone down due to the greater integration and reduction in the size of the tr ansistors. Miniaturization is also vital as it has the ability to create new markets through enabling new and advanced applications. For instance, through development of the microprocessors which is a very small component in an integrated circuit has led to expansion of markets for personal computers. The flat panel displays with the improved packaging of chips have contributed to the advancement of battery-powered computers. This has been one of the functional markets that miniaturization has created. In addition, the reduction of cellular telephones and computers into small components has led to the merging of these devices to a cordless appliance which can easily link the whole world through network. For instance, the application of miniaturization is evident in companies such as Nippon Electric Company which offers laptops that have a cellular phone. This laptop is available in Japan though countries such as America are also coming up with this technological change in miniaturiz ation. Disadvantages of miniaturization Miniaturization has several side effects that are very difficult to handle. For instance, miniaturization produces a lot of noise. The quality of image suffers the soaring loud noise which comes from miniaturization of the varied pixel sizes. Errors from the registering photons and signaling process in reading out of the CCD phase leads to the production of noise. The different pixels differ in time and due to the varied sensitivity. Thus, there is a big difference in the amount of photons that are transformed to the electrical charge. More so, photons are always changing with change in the pixels at different times. However, if the photons fail to arrive noise must be produced in the process. If the pixels reduce then reducing noise becomes more difficult. There is high amount of photons arriving if the pixel is small in size. The energized or small pixels contain small energy difference as compared to huge pixels. This has made it difficult for one to easily distinguish noise from signals. Image noise in low light is severe while signals are lower. Therefore, amplifying weak signals leads to production of noisy pictures. Increase in miniaturization leads to increase in noise which causes a lot of waste on the area of the chip. Secondly, miniaturization leads to diffraction. Diffraction in miniaturization occurs when a wave takes its way or passes near an obstacle resulting to deflection of light. The normal dispersion of light is linear and involves photons spreading out near

Telemarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telemarketing - Essay Example Through the store image the retailers can force customers to buy their products. Store image is necessary to persuade and create a special image in the consumers' minds. Store image helps the retailer to differentiate itself from competitors. Customers integrate all their experiences of observing, using, or consuming a product with everything they hear and read about it. Information about stores comes from a variety of sources, including advertising, publicity, sales personnel, and packaging. Perceptions of service after the sale, price, and distribution are also taken into account. The sum of impressions is a store image, a unified image about both the products and the store that markets them. Store image attracts customers to both the store and the branded merchandise (McDonald, Christopher 2003). Merchandize assortment helps to attract wider target audience of potential consumers. The buyer orientation includes such categories as convenience, preference, shopping, and specialty goods. However, different assortments and quantities of products may be desired and purchased in various countries. Merchandize assortment makes selling more rewarding. It makes easier for customer to select a product they need and reduce time required for everyday purchases.

Street gangs in the UK and US

Street gangs in the UK and US Today, the problem of street gangs affects both the US and the UK. The emergence of gangs is often accompanied by the trend to the change of gang demographics, including the change of the age of gangs members, ethnic origin of gang members and so on. Historically, street gangs in the US and the UK developed in isolation from each other and they did not intersect in their criminal activities. Law enforcement agencies in the US and the UK used different methods of struggle against street gangs but both criminal justice systems in the UK and the US tended to the punitive methods of struggle. Remarkably outcomes of such struggle were similar and what is more this struggle was not very effective. Thus, street gangs kept growing and progressing in both the US and the UK. As a result, today, they represent a serious threat to the existing social order because street gangs are responsible for high street crime rates and violence, especially in large cities of both the US and the UK. In such a situation, a widely-spread belief that the physical distance and historical separation of street gangs in the US and the UK is growing popular. However, in actuality, street gangs in the US and the UK, being quite different tend to be quite similar because of the similar causes of their origin and because of the current trend to globalization which eliminates cultural differences between countries, while crime has always being in the avant-garde of the international integration of countries. Similarities between street gangs in the US and UK On analyzing the development of street gangs in the US and UK, it is possible to trace certain similar trends. For instance, one of the most disturbing trends concerning the development of street gangs is the growth of crime rates. In this respect, it is possible to refer to recent studies dedicated to the problem of street gangs in the US and the UK. According to one of the recent studies (Youth Violence, 2007), it is possible to reveal several key facts that indicate to the trend of gangs and crimes in the US growing younger and committed by gangs: In 1998, among youth ages 10 to 19 in the United States, there were 2,054 suicides, and suicide was the third leading cause of death for that age group. Male youth were more than four times more likely than females to complete suicide. More than 60 percent of youth suicides in 1998 were firearm-related suicides. From 1993 to 1998, suicide rates for teens ages 15 to 19 dropped by 18 percent. In 1998, among youth ages 10 to 19 in the United States, there were 2,570 homicide deaths, and homicide was the second leading cause of death for that age group. Male youth were more than four times more likely than females to be murdered. From 1993 to1998, homicide rates for teens ages 15 to 19 dropped by 43 percent. Just as homicides and suicides decreased from 1993 to 1998, nonfatal firearm injuries from crime declined 49 percent, and firearm injuries from suicide attempts decreased by 48 percent in that same time period At the same time, the study conducted in the UK (Street Robberies Soar by 28%), revealed the fact that there are several key areas where reported crime is on the rise are: Violent crime up 11% to 812,000 incidents Murders up 4% to 886 and attempted murders up 21% to 858 Robbery up 28% to more than 121,000 incidents, including a 31% rise in robbery of personal property. Rapes up 14% Soliciting up 60% In such a way, it is obvious that both street crimes tend to grow in both the US and the UK. However, the growth of crime rates does not necessarily imply the similarity of street gangs. In this respect, the location, where street gangs operate is much more important. In this regard, the location of street gangs in the US and the UK is also similar. To put it more precisely, one of the recent studies conducted in the UK by Hill (2007) reveals the fact that street gangs are located in the largest cities of the country. To put it more precisely, according to Hill (2007) the violence racking Britains cities is as follows: Manchester Doddington Boys, Pitt Bull Crew, Pepperhill Gang, Gooch Close Gang, Longsight Crew. All based around the Moss Side area from where they have been fighting a vicious turf war since the Nineties. Liverpool Croxteth Crew are the rivals of the Strand Crew from Norris Green. Liam Smith, 19, alleged leader of the Strand Crew, was shot dead last year. Birmingham The Burger Bar Boys gang were responsible for the killings of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in 2003. London The A Team, The Bombers, Claphams Clap Town Boys, Peckhams Blood Set and the PDC in Brixton which claims to have renounced violence are all established gangs. Recently a number of immigrant gangs have come to the fore. Nottingham Two members of the Waterfront Gang were jailed for life in October 2005 after being convicted of the drive-by murder of a schoolgirl. The similar location is typical for street gangs in the US. The FBI (1996) reports that violent street gangs are active in 94% of the medium- and large-sized cities in the United States (many of these cities have up to 40 different gangs), and that gang membership exceeds 400,000. More worrisome than the actual number of street gangs, however, is their rate of growth. (In 1991, there were an estimated 249,324 gang members.) This exponential increase is also apparent from the number of US cities reporting gang involvement (before 1961 = 54; up to 1970 = 94; up to 1980 = 172; up to 1992 = 766) (Klein, 1993), and escalating violence attributed to gang activity (Gangs in the United States, 2004). Obviously, street gangs in the US and the UK are located in large cities mainly. Small towns are not vulnerable to the development of street crimes. Difference between street gangs in the US and the UK In spite of obvious similarities, street gangs in the US and the UK are quite different. In this respect, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that the development of street gangs in the US occurs on the ethnic or racial ground. For instance, many street gangs especially in Southern states of the US involve members of the Latin American origin, or African Americans or other minorities, whereas whites are not inclined to the creation of gangs. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the fact that street gangs in the US exist in the inner city mainly, which is populated by minorities such as African Americans, Latin Americans, Asian Americans and others. As for the UK, the ethnic distinction of street gangs is not so obvious. Representatives of the white majority are often gang members and the belongingness to a street gang does not necessarily mean that its members are representatives of minorities, which is the characteristic of street gangs in the US. Instead, many British street gangs consist of representatives of the poor or people originating from families of workers and other low-paid employees. In such a way, social standing is prior to ethnic origin in regard to the street gang membership in the UK. The common ground for street gangs in the US and UK On analyzing similarities and differences between street gangs in the US and the UK, it should be said that similarities prevail and, what is more important, street gangs in the US and the UK are rather similar than different. What is meant here is the fact that the causes of the origin of street gangs are similar in the US and the UK. One of the major causes of the emergence of street gangs in the US and the UK is the poverty which pushes community members to street gangs where they find protection and support which they cannot find in their families, or from the part of the state. Furthermore, the pauperization of the population in large and medium-size cities leads to the marginalization is often determined by their unemployment, which is another factor that increases the social tension and forces people to join street gangs. In addition, it is important to take into consideration the role of globalization which eliminates cultural barriers between countries and street gangs tend to become homogeneous to a certain extent. In a long-run perspective, this trend will grow stronger. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that street gangs are influenced by the modern culture and shape the modern culture to the extent that there are stereotypes which force people to join gangs because they believe that street gangs give them power and protection. Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that street gangs in the US and the UK are rather similar than different. Street gangs in the US and the UK emerge because of the desperate social position of their members. In addition, globalization makes values and culture of different countries closer and street gangs become closer too. Therefore, street gangs of the US are similar to those of the UK.

County Community College Should Provide On-Campus Housing Essay

When I moved to California two weeks before school started, I had difficulty looking for places to live around County Community College. This is because community colleges don’t usually have on-campus housing facilities for students. This made life very difficult for me because I was brand new to the area and I knew no one. My dad did help me by calling up one of his friends and asked if I could stay at their house temporarily until I was able to find a place I could live at, that was near school because I didn’t have a car at the time. The day I finally found a place to live, school was almost about to start. When I went to check the house out, I really disliked it there because there was no cooking allowed, the only time I could use the stove was to boil water. There were even curfews enforced because poor wooden floorboards would alert everyone whenever someone would walk around just to grab a cup of water or a snack at night. Another limitation was that the landlad y had ridiculous shower curfews that I had to follow. The house was very unclean and unhygienic due to the lack of maintenance and care provided for the building. There was no other choice but to live there because it was the closest place to school, that was within walking or biking distance, I could find because I didn’t know how to take the bus in this new country. This is what leads me to believe that County Community College should see if it’s feasible to construct an on-campus housing facility for students because it is able to help a large variety of students in various ways. County Community is a college that is known for its successful transfer rates. An article on CNN Money discussed about County Community’s fine transferring rates, â€Å"County Community s... ...enefits that can affect current and future students. However, County Community may choose to overlook some obstacles due to the great convenience and the great benefits that it may provide for both staff and students. County Community should not disregard this great opportunity that may change lives for staff and students, but look further more into this. Works Cited Aquije, Omar. â€Å"Most Community Colleges say Building Dorms is Good Plan.† Glens Falls Post-Star, 13 August. 2011. Web. 7 Nov 2013. Clark, Kim. â€Å"Community College: How to Avoid ‘dropout factories.’† Cable News Network, 07 June. 2012. Web. 7 Nov 2013. Driscoll, Emily. â€Å"Great Housing Debate: Living On or Off Campus.† Fox Business. Fox News Network, 19 July. 2013. Web. 7 Nov 2013. Staff, CB. â€Å"Campus Living: On Campus Vs. Off Campus.† College Bound Network, 08 August. 2011. Web. 7 Nov 2013.

Daycare Observation of Toddlers Essay

In today’s working society, parents need to rely on quality daycare for their children. However, finding a daycare that will strive to nurture each child’s unique qualities and create a work environment that encourages professionalism, growth, and diversity can be stressful for a parent because of the realization of how important this decision may be. A daycare teacher must focus on many different areas to provide a developmentally appropriate curriculum for young children. As a teacher in a toddler room, my girlfriend Christine needs to communicate to her peers, children and parents on a daily basis both verbally and non-verbally. As I entered the room, early this morning, I noticed five children, each of them doing his or her individual thing. About 70 percent of children, at this toddler age, have a vocabulary consisting of 50 to 250 words (Ginny Graves, 2003); however, only one of them spoke when I entered the room. Once the two females of the room noticed me, they immediately stopped what they were doing and looked at me in a disapproving way. One of the females hid behind the shelf, exposing only her part of her face, while the other turned her back to me to continue playing in the â€Å"dramatic play† sand box. As for the three boys, they seemed content, as if I were not a foreign object in the room. The set of twins waved to me as if to say â€Å"Welcome to our room† while the third boy said â€Å"Hi† with a big smile. I previously met the set of male twins on a recent previous trip from a few days ago; therefore, the warm welcome from the boys was expected. As I said, â€Å"Hello friends† to the children of the room, Christine immediately said â€Å"Hello Pete†, along with a big wave and smile to give example to the children. After taking a few steps into the room, I was asked to bend down so that I was at there level. Christine began to associate me with a picture of myself, which is posted on the closet door at the toddler’s eye level by saying, â€Å"Friends, we know Pete, he is in the picture†. Christine held the hands of the two females and brought them over to the picture and pointed to the picture of me and asked, â€Å"Do you see Pete in the picture†? One of the girls pointed reluctantly and the other bowed her head as in an uninterested manner. A few minutes into the observation and it was snack time, well at least to one of the twins it was. The boy was pointing to where they keep the snacks so Christine bent down to his level and began to say â€Å"You are pointing to the cabinet, does this mean you want snack†? The boy grunted as if to say yes. Christine said, â€Å"Yes you are right, it is time for snack, but what do we do right before snack?† Once the rest of the children heard this, they began to jump up and down to show their appreciation of snack time. The children understood what had to be done by placing his or her hands in the air. â€Å"That’s right. We need to wash our hands first before we eat†. Christine gave each toddler one direction at a time as to not overload them. She asked that they stand in a line in front of the sink so each of them could wash their hands, independently reinforcing with word labels as to how the child is washing his or her hands. She then played a game with them to find their appropriate place at the table. For each child, she asked them to sit in a colored chair that she announces for them to sit in, and then repeat back to her the color; this seating arrangement changes daily so that they learn their colors and as well as how to appropriately say them. This exercise helped them with speaking to others at a proper tone by not shouting. Once they all sat, she gave each child the option for apple juice or cranberry juice. Only one boy was able to make the decision on his own using words while the other grunted and pointed. As one of the females finished her first sip, she said the word â€Å"cold†. Whenever a child uses telegraphic speech, it is highly recommended for the instructor to reiterate what was said by the child in complete form (Michael K. Meyerhoff, 2002). Christine said, â€Å"That’s right. The juice is cold. Can everyone say cold? What else is cold?† The snack chosen by Christine was a common snack consisting of â€Å"Gold fish† and craisins. As the children began to eat the snack, there was one disapproving member of the bunch. This child immediately tossed her plate on the floor to show she was not satisfied with her snack. Christine immediately displayed her disapproval of this children’s action by saying to  her â€Å"Please use your words. We do not throw the craisins on the floor. They are for eating†. This child acknowledge what she heard by trying to speak the word â€Å"Sorry†. Once the children were finished eating, they were notified that they would be going outside in 10 minutes. Again, the children showed their appreciation by jumping up and down in excitement. Toddlers communicate with a combination of grunts and gestures as a preferred method of communicating. Understanding what the toddler is attempting to communicate, through these combinations, comes with time, dedication, understanding and patience. ;Spending just a short amount of time sheds new light as to why Christine needs a few minutes alone to herself when she arrives home. All day long she has keep all her non-verbal communication positive in front of the children for eight hours a day; this includes showing her pearly whites in the room even when she wakes up on the â€Å"wrong side of the bed† (Christine, personal communication, August 19, 2005). References: Ginny Graves (2003, April). Parents magazine: Toddler Talk Michael K. Meyerhoff (2002, April v20) Pediatrics for Parents: Perspectives on Parenting: Communication and language acquisition skills in toddlers. P8(2)

Niccolò Machiavelli Essay Example

Niccolà ² Machiavelli Essay Example Niccolà ² Machiavelli Paper Niccolà ² Machiavelli Paper The Prince, the philosopher Machiavellis most famous work, was a book dedicated to the leader Lorenzo de Medici, written on the topic of how to be an effective ruler. The basis of Machiavellis theory was that conditions of a society rise and fall perpetually as time continues, and a successful leader must learn to cope with these fluctuations. Of all the philosophers so far, Machiavellis take on the obligations of leaders and on government itself has been the most agreeable. In order to contend with constant change, leaders must understand and consider 5 key ideas: fortuna, virtu, necessita, occasione, and ordini. The factual existence and proof of these ideas are demonstrated today. Fortuna is the idea that everything that occurs, occurs by chance. Combined with virtu, the ability to think and act intelligently to overcome fortuna, and necessita, the obligation to face things necessary for human purposes, this states that a good leader must be prepared to help his people cope with sudden changes. For example, President Bush has given regular speeches about the September 11th attacks to keep the country in a state of ordini, which is the constant goal of order in a government. The United States Government is now using its virtu and necessita to determine the next step whether it be war or peace and is trying to find the occasione the time to act upon its decisions. Machiavelli was greatly disliked for his opinions expressed in The Prince. He thought that politics was a science; by studying the lives of great politicians of the past, the world today could supposedly do the same and gain the same results. In addition, he appropriately believed religion and morals should be eliminated from politics altogether, leaving politics amoral (with no knowledge of morals). This stated that leaders, therefore, could do bad or evil things in order to gain a greater good, such as in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki though many lives were lost, more would have been inevitably taken if the war had dragged on. Sometimes, however, leaders misjudge what the greater good actually is, and ends up doing immoral or at least incorrect things without any more-positive results; in these instances, according to Machiavelli, the leader is in fact in the wrong. For example, the USs interference in the Vietnam War simply cost us thousands of American lives. In order to be an effective leader, one must understand that people are not always agreeable, and peace is not a given. As a result of this, Machiavelli developed a 7th idea of an economy of violence if people do not listen to the government, then they must be punished. A truly competent leader would be able to minimize the amount of punishment and violence, and maximize prosperity. The US is once again a good example of this the government has created laws, which, if the people abide by them, allow benefits for the abiding individuals; however, those who break the laws are punished. Machiavellis views are accurate in stating, The end justifies the means. Though sometimes certain situations are too extreme to be applied to this theory, the idea in itself is appropriate, for if there is a greater good to be had, then sometimes evil acts are necessary. Society is in constant change, and leaders who have been accepted and beneficial have been able to cope with these changes.

Definition and Examples of Indexicality

Definition and Examples of Indexicality In pragmatics (and other branches of linguistics and philosophy), indexicality encompasses the features of a language that refer directly to the circumstances or context in which an utterance takes place. All language has the capacity for indexical function, but some expressions and communicative events suggest more indexicality than do others. (Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, 2008). An indexical expression (such as today, that, here, utterance, and you) is a word or phrase that is associated with different meanings (or referents) on different occasions. In conversation, interpretation of indexical expressions may in part depend on a variety of paralinguistic and non-linguistic features, such as hand gestures and the shared experiences of the participants. Examples and Observations of Indexicality Among philosophers and linguists, the term indexicality typically is used to distinguish those classes of expressions, like this and that, here and now, I and you, whose meaning is conditional on the situation of their use, from those such as, for example, noun phrases that refer to a class of objects, whose meaning is claimed to be specifiable in objective, or context-free terms. But in an important sense, namely a communicative one, the significance of a linguistic expression is always contingent on the circumstances of its use. In this sense, deictic expressions, place and time adverbs, and pronouns are just particularly clear illustrations of a general fact about situated language.(Lucy A. Suchman, What Is Human-Machine Interaction? Cognition, Computing, and Cooperation, ed. by Scott P. Robertson, Wayne Zachary, and John B. Black. Ablex, 1990)Direct Indexicality, DudeDirect indexicality is a meaning  relationship that holds directly between language and the stance, act, activit y, or identity indexed. . .An illustration of this process can be seen in the American-English address term dude (Kiesling, 2004). Dude is used most frequently  by young white men and indexes a stance of casual solidarity: a friendly, but crucially not intimate, relationship with the addressee. This stance of casual solidarity is a stance habitually taken more by young white American men than other identity groups. Dude thus indirectly indexes  young, white  masculinity as well.Such descriptions of indexicality are abstract, however, and do not take into account the actual context of speaking, such as the speech event and the identities of the speakers determined through other perceptual modes, such as vision. (S. Kiesling, Identity in Sociocultural Anthropology and Language.  Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics, ed. by J.L. Mey. Elsevier, 2009) Indexical Expressions- The success of a deictic act of reference to a given book by means of an indexical expression like This book, for instance, requires the presence of the book within the visual field shared by the interlocutors, just like its gestural indication. But indexical expressions are not necessarily put to deictic use. Definite noun phrases and third person pronouns allow for anaphoric and cataphoric use. During anaphoric indication, the expression remains the same, but the field undergoes a change. The expression does not typically refer to an individual physically given in the perceptual field, but necessarily refers to an entity previously or subsequently named within the same discourse or text: Im reading a paper on cataphora. I find it (this paper) interesting.(Michele Prandi, The Building Blocks of Meaning: Ideas for a Philosophical Grammar. John Benjamins, 2004)- The most frequently noted indexicals  are personal pronouns (I, we, you, etc.), demonstratives (thi s, that), deictics (here, there, now), and tense and other forms of time positioning (smiles, smiled, will smile). Our understanding of both spoken utterances and written texts must be anchored in the material world. To understand a sentence such as, Would you take this over there, we need a provisional location for myself (the speaker- a meaning for here), for you (my addressee), for the object (this), and for the goal intended (there). (Ronald Scollon and Suzanne B. K. Scollon, Discourses in Place: Language in the Material World.  Routledge, 2003)

Reflection on Kon-Tiki and The Concept of National Cinema Essay

Reflection on Kon-Tiki and The Concept of National Cinema - Essay Example In this regard, the Concept of National Cinema which was advanced by Andrew Higson is relevant to this film in its entire creation, editing and production (Andersson, 2010). The concept of National Cinema asserts that a film reflects the culture of a given country of its origin. This explains the varied dress codes, languages and overall production techniques of movies across the world. Taking the instance of Kon-Tiki, the film gives a narration of the cross cultural experience of the sailor through America and learning important aspects of cultural diversity as far as the role of art is concerned (Williams,2002). The filming industry as indicated by Higson need to observe the role of culture in influencing the audience size of the film viewers. Even the source of funding of a film dictates the cultural domination in it. In the case of Kon-Tiki, the film was created from a book that already had massive demand in various parts of the world before being acted through United States funding. It is therefore worth to conclude that the ideas expressed in Higson’s Concept of National Cinema are significantly captured in the techniques and mode of production of the

How to build an android application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

How to build an android application - Essay Example Android 1.0 was released in 2008 and featured in HTC dream. In Feb 2009 Android 1.1 update was released for the use in T mobile (Böhmer, 6). On 30th April 2009, cupcake version of android (Android 1.5) was unveiled with more enhancements than the previous version. It had Bluetooth and camcorder support, animation and on screen keyboard. Android version 1.6 Donut was released later in September the same year as the cupcake version. In October 2009, Android 2.0 Eclaire version was released with a few improvements made on the version 1.6. It had an improved user interface, speed, on screen keyboard. The release of versions 2.0.1 and 2.1 (SDK ) followed on 3rd December 2009 and 12th January 2010 respectively. Android 2.2: Froyo was then released on 20th May 2010 with such improvements as home screen widgets, camera control and multilingual keyboard support. On 6th December 2010, Android version 2.3: Gingerbread was released. This version had a more refined user interface which improved simplicity of the UI. The simplified user interface ensured an increased speed. The support for screens with higher resolution was another one of the improvement made in this version in addition to sensor compatibility (Böhmer, 8). Android 3.0: Honeycomb was released on 22nd February 2011 with an optimized user interface specifically for tablets. The on screen keyboard was redesigned for accuracy and speed in the entry. It enables Bluetooth tethering which allowed more devices share network connections. In 19 October 2011 Android version 4.0 : Ice cream sand which was unveiled with refined user interface, wifi direct support , network data control and face unlock among other enhancements. Android version 4.1:Jelly Bean was released on 9th July 2012 followed closely by Android 4.2 Jelly Bean 4.2 on 29th October 2012. A number of ways exist through which android development can be created. For windows, the following steps should

Personal Statement for UC Application Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For UC Application - Personal Statement Example I took pride in being part of one of the top musicals staged by my school, â€Å"The Awakening†. I also became a committee member of a few concert events. Being part of a group that brings delight and entertainment to people gave me a sense of accomplishment. Eventually, my exposure in business opened new doors for me. As I grew up, I had to temporarily leave behind my extra-curricular activities to prepare for a career. After graduation, I endeavored to get jobs that are related to Marketing. It took me a while to get a job. All along, I thought it would be easy. But during the process, I realized that it was a challenge making sales, convincing people to purchase the services that the company offered. It got to a point when I had no sales at all. That’s when I vowed to improve myself. I did self studying, reading books and getting inputs from my superiors. The efforts paid off because I was able to close deals eventually. It was a good learning experience. Shortly aft er, I worked in a Marketing Department in Lico, an interior design company in Hong Kong. As a member of the marketing staff, I still got to practice my creativity by handling advertising and marketing for the company. My sales stint allowed me to be creative in dealing with customers who have discriminating tastes. It is in this light that I decided to take further studies in Economics. A degree in Economics will equip with the necessary know how in understanding, not only business management, but also in looking at the economy from a broader perspective. I want to have a macro view of the industry vis-a-vis the country and the world economy. Having this skill would allow me to plan effectively for business expansion and growth. An economics degree would help me become more analytical and critical about business facts and figures. It will likewise provide me a chance for multitude of career options that would lead to fulfilling and challenging jobs. By the time I graduate as economi cs major, I would like to be able to have a logical approach on solutions planning and problem solving. I also want to be data-savvy, knowing how to understand trends and figures and make them my references in planning for business expansion. Strategic planning and quantitative analysis are two facets of economics that I want to master. These would definitely help me assist my Father in making our business succeed. 2. Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud, and how does it relate to the person you are? At this point, I now understand that I can approach my dreams being whole-brained, not being limited to the left or the right; not having to choose between my creative and analytical side. I am lucky to have all these skills, and one great opportunity to put these skills into practice to benefit my family. If given the chance to take up the BS Economics Deg ree in this university, I would endeavor myself to be focused and results driven, using all my experiences to maximize opportunities. My hunger for knowledge is my best tool to succeed in this course. On top of these skills, my personal traits also complement my dream to enter the university to take up a degree in Economics. I am a highly curious person, always wanting to get into the thick of

Critique on against gay marriage Essay Example for Free

Critique on against gay marriage Essay The modern world is experiencing transition in all aspects of life. This change is being experienced in marriage whereby some people are moving a way from the belief that marriage should only take place between people of same sex. They have gone to an extent of pushing for marriage between people of same-sex to be accorded the same treatment and recognition just like the case with the heterosexual marriage. Some people believe that marriage should be heterosexual while others believe that even homosexuals have a right to marry and live with their partners just like a husband and wife in opposite-sex marriage. This paper presents a critique in support of gay marriage. The society especially in the current state is crippling with many social problems emanating from heterosexual marriage. One of these problems is unwanted pregnancies which arise from irresponsible relationships. This is an incident which can only happen in a marriage between two people of opposite sex. Embracing same-sex marriage would offer a remedy to this problem because there is no chance of pregnancy in a marriage between gays and lesbians. This would also help in reducing the high cases of deaths and abortion which are being witnessed in the society today. Incase homosexuals decide to adopt a child, the possibility of neglect is very low as this would be a decision between two independent people. Same-sex marriage reduces the dominance by one partner which is associated with union between a man and a woman. For fear of victimization, most gays and lesbians are forced into heterosexual marriages against their will. However, they still continue to live their homosexual lives by secretly relating to other homosexuals while staying in the same-sex marriage. Therefore, accepting same-sex marriage will help reduce this unfaithfulness and promote marriage to one partner (Sullivan, A. , 2004). Since the society allows all kinds of people and groups to marry including murderers, thieves as well as marriage between people of different races. Condemning same-sex marriage is discrimination of the minority who are supposed to be protected by the constitution just like any other group. As opposed to what Bennet believes, it would not be the first time that the institution of marriage is experiencing change; Marriage between different races which are happening today never happened several years ago (Bennett, J. W. 1996). The strong position against homosexuality which is adopted by the church is an intrusion into private business. This is because marriage is a personal commitment between the two people involved in the relationship. This marriage therefore hurts no one who is not part of the relationship (Bennett, J. W. 1996). Every element of the society is transforming hence disregarding same-sex marriage is simply refusing to accept the natural changes in the institution of marriage. The acceptance of homosexuality as evident among school pupils is an indication that homosexuality is a thing of the current generation hence nature should be allowed to take its course. Bennet should not argue against adoption by gay and lesbian couples as this would be better that single parenting. The long-term repercussions of same-sex marriage talked about by those against gay marriage are baseless and coming out of fear of the unknown; accepting same-sex union would only serve to create more choices concerning marriage and people would be guided by individual choices. (Bennett, J. W. 1996). Conclusion From the accounts given above, same-sex marriage should be allowed and homosexuals do not deserve the harsh criticism and victimization that they are undergoing in the society. Legislation and rules governing marriage only needs to be adjusted to provide for same-sex union. Reference Bennett, J. W. (1996). Gay Marriage: Not a very good idea. The Washington Post. OP-ED; Pg. A19 Sullivan, A. (2004). Same-sex Marriage, Pro and Con: A Reader. New York: Vintage Books.