Presidential Travel Essays - Aviation, Aeronautics, Aircraft

Presidential Travel Essays - Aviation, Aeronautics, Aircraft Presidential Travel Through the course of our countrys history many things have changed such as the presidents and their form of transportation. Civilization has broadened the types transportation through the decades. The use of transportation has furthered our countrys ability to communicate with each other and many other countries. The presidents travel started out with an uncomfortable horsedrawn carriage and has escalated to a giant Boeing 747 jumbo jet with all the amenities of the White House. Today the only conflict with the presidents transportation is the price. From President Washington all the way to President McKinley, the president was free to come and go as he pleased because there were no secret service agents. Since the nations poor roads made for long uncomfortable trips, the president hardly ever went on long excursions away from Washington. When George Washington had to make long trips, he rode in a closed carriage, pulled by a team of fast horses, which were exchanged on each leg of the trip. Andrew Jackson was criticized for riding in elegant carriages which made people feel that he was forgetting the American ideals. The use of horses led to the death of William Henry Harrison during his inauguration. He was given a nice stagecoach to ride in, but he chose to ride on his favorite horse. He rode to the capitol in the cold weather and gave a two hour inaugural address and through this, he picked up pneumonia and died. Harrison was also the first president to ride a train, although he never knew it! He was transported to his final burial on the rail! It was not until Howard Tafts administration that money was appointed for presidential transportation. In 1833 the railroad stretched a total of a 135 miles, and Andrew Jackson was the first living president to ride a train. Once Jackson left office there was a total of 1,300 miles of railroad operation. Abraham Lincoln was for the expansion of the railroad. Lincoln had a 42 foot long car but he was reluctant to use it because people thought of him as a humble person. Franklin Roosevelt had a train car named the Magellan which had accommodations for ten. The Magellans biggest asset was its safety. The Magellan had steel roofs, side panels, and the bottom of the car was protected by a metal shield. It was believed that it could withstand small bombs and grenades. The windows to the Magellan were very thick which, in turn, could stop bullets. President Roosevelt spent a lot of time traveling on it, because it could only go 30 miles per hour. He traveled In excess of 60,000 miles. When Truman was president, his train could speed up to 105 miles per hour, but he asked the engineer to slow it to 80 miles per hour. One mode of travel that never became popular was the presidential yachts. Many people were angry to see luxury beyond what they thought should be enjoyed by an American president. There was a fleet of yachts, and none of them were for travel. They were just for rest and relaxation. Jimmy Carter later took the current yacht called the Sequoia and put it on the auction block. During the early 1900s the automobile was starting to be more frequently used but only in large cities. Even though President McKinley had used a horse less carriage, it would still be another 10 years before the White House would have a garage full of presidential cars. It was during William Howard Tafts presidency when a budget was set aside for transportation ($25,000). The first presidential car was a model M touring car and was used for Taft (Siuru-25). The final inauguration for a president riding in a horsedrawn carriage was Woodrow Wilson, and the first in a car was Warren Harding. The first flight by a president occurred in 1943, a year and one month before the U.S. entered World War Two, when Franklin Roosevelt traveled to Casablanca to meet Winston Churchill. It was Roosevelts second flight because he had flown in a plane made by the Wright Brothers which stood in the air for no more then 2 minute (Siuru, 137). The plane which he flew

Referring to Ages in Spanish

Referring to Ages in Spanish In Spanish, stating a persons age is done by indicating how many years a person has rather than stating how old that person is. The most common way of stating someones age in Spanish is using a form of the phrase tener _____ aà ±os. For example, to say Laura is 26 years old, say Laura tiene 26 aà ±os.In general, you shouldnt omit aà ±os, the word for year.Other units of time, such as meses for months or dà ­as, can be used instead of aà ±os when appropriate. Using Tener for Ages The Spanish idiom for expressing a persons age is tener ___ aà ±os. Tener is the verb for to have, and un aà ±o is a year. Tengo catorce aà ±os.  (I am 14 years old.)Mi madre tiene cincuenta aà ±os.  (My mother is 50 years old.)Yo tenà ­a 31 aà ±os, casado y padre de un hijo.  (I was 31 years old, married and the father of a son.)Para el aà ±o 2025, uno de cada tres habitantes de la isla tendr 65 aà ±os o ms.  (In the year 2025, one out of three inhabitants of the island will be 65 or older.) ¿Cuntos aà ±os tienes?  (How old are you?) To ask a persons age, you also could ask:  ¿Quà © edad tienes? (Edad is the word for age.) In contrast with English, in Spanish you normally cannot leave out  aà ±os, unless the word has been used previously and the context makes clear what is meant. An example of where the word could be omitted would be a sentence such as this: Tengo veinte aà ±os, y mi hermano tiene quince. (I am 20 years old, and my brother is 15.) The equivalent of the phrase at ____ years of age is a la edad de ___ aà ±os or a los ___ aà ±os de edad. The words de edad are frequently omitted, perhaps more often than not. Thus a statement such as at the age of 30 she was rich and famous could be translated any of these ways: A los treinta aà ±os era rica y famosa. (This would be the most likely to be said.)A la edad de treinta aà ±os era rica y famosa.A los treinta aà ±os de edad era rica y famosa. Variations on Using Ages Although aà ±os is the most common unit of time with ages, others can also be used. Also, the same rules are applied to the ages of animals and things as with people. Mi bebà © tiene tres meses. (My baby is three months old.)Se dice que Matusalà ©n tenà ­a m 900 aà ±os. (It is said that Methusela was more than 900 years old.)Esta casa tiene tres siglos. (This house is three centuries old.)Mi perrito tiene 15 dà ­as. (My puppy is 15 days old.) Past Tenses and Ages When speaking about ages in the past, the imperfect tense normally is used. Use of the preterite suggests the time when someone turned a certain age. See how the verb choice affects the meaning of these sentences: El atleta tomà ³ esteroides cuando tenà ­a 18 aà ±os. (The athlete took steroids when he was 18 years old. Tenà ­a is in the imperfect tense.)Cuando el estudiante tuvo 18 aà ±os, una psiquiatra le diagnosticà ³ con esquizofrenia. (When the student turned 18, a psychiatrist diagnosed him with schizophrenia. Tuvo is in the preterite tense.) Phrases Referring to Age Phrases shown in boldface are frequently used in referring to those of various ages: Investigan la muerte de una anciana por negligencia en un hospital. (They are investigating the death of an old woman because of negligence in a hospital.)Los alimentos contaminados son una amenaza para los nià ±os de corta edad. (Contaminated foods are a danger for young children.)A muchas personas de edad avanzada les disminuye el apetito. (Many older people have a reduced appetite.)En Gran Bretaà ±a la presià ³n para descender la edad de consentimiento tiene mucha fuerza. (In Great Britain the pressure to reduce the age of consent is very strong.)La edad del pavo se convierte en la etapa en que los padres son considerados por sus hijos como los ms insoportables e incomprensibles. (The awkward age becomes the stage at which parents are considered by their children to be the most unbearable and difficult to understand. Edad del pavo, literally the age of a turkey, is generally considered to be the preadolescent years, approximately from 11 to 13.)Estudios habà ­an mostrado que u na persona se sentà ­a de mediana edad cuando tenà ­a alrededor de 36 aà ±os. (Studies have shown that a person feels middle-aged at around 36 years old.) Uno de los asaltantes es menor de edad. (One of the assailants is a minor.)Los ejercicios de natacià ³n son excelentes para la tercera edad. (Swimming excercises are excellent for senior citizens.)